As mudanças climáticas, impulsionadas pelo aquecimento global, têm desdobramentos ainda mais preocupantes, revela um recente estudo realizado ao largo da costa da Mauritânia. O foco da pesquisa está no metano congelado, também conhecido como hidrato de metano ou “gelo que pega fogo”, cuja liberação pode intensificar os efeitos adversos do aquecimento global.
A Vulnerabilidade do “Gelo que Pega Fogo” ao Aquecimento Global
O hidrato de metano, um gás de efeito estufa potente, encontra-se congelado nas profundezas oceânicas e é suscetível ao derretimento desencadeado pelas alterações climáticas. O estudo, publicado na Nature Geoscience em 6 de janeiro, destaca a preocupante tendência de liberação desse gás, deslocando-se das partes mais profundas da plataforma continental até a borda da prateleira submarina.
A Pesquisa na Costa da Mauritânia
Uma equipe internacional de pesquisadores, liderada pela renomada Universidade de Newcastle, utilizou avançadas técnicas de imagem sísmica 3D para examinar o metano liberado devido ao aquecimento ao largo da costa da Mauritânia, no noroeste da África. Os resultados revelaram uma migração de mais de 40 quilômetros do gás, liberado por depressões subaquáticas conhecidas como “pockmarks” durante períodos quentes.
Richard Davies, pró-reitor de Globalização e Sustentabilidade da Universidade de Newcastle e autor principal do estudo, destaca que a descoberta ocorreu durante o período de lockdown da Covid-19. Durante essa fase de reclusão, a equipe identificou 23 “pockmarks”, indicando a expulsão de metano das profundezas da plataforma continental para o oceano.
Hidrato de Metano Sob Ameaça Climática
Contrariando crenças anteriores, os pesquisadores demonstram que o hidrato de metano não é imune às variações climáticas. Christian Berndt, coautor e Chefe da Unidade de Pesquisa de Geodinâmica Marinha em Kiel, Alemanha, destaca que as pesquisas tradicionais focavam apenas nas partes mais rasas da zona de estabilidade do hidrato, presumindo que essa porção era sensível às mudanças climáticas.
Implicações para o Futuro
Os dados revelados indicam que volumes substanciais de metano podem ser liberados dos hidratos marinhos, levantando a necessidade de uma compreensão mais profunda do papel desses hidratos no sistema climático. Os pesquisadores enfatizam a importância de aprofundar a investigação sobre a liberação de metano, planejando uma expedição científica para perfurar os “pockmarks” e estabelecer conexões com eventos passados de aquecimento climático.
Diante dessas descobertas, torna-se imperativo intensificar os esforços para compreender e mitigar os impactos potenciais da liberação de metano, destacando a urgência de ações globais coordenadas para enfrentar os desafios iminentes das mudanças climáticas.
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